You can use the filter option (on edge standing striped triangle behind search field) in order to narrow your search down.
Currently there are:

All
Today
Next 7 days
Next 14 days
Next 31 days
This month
This year
Last 7 days
Last 14 days
Last 31 days
Last month
Last year
All future events
Selected day

Cant find it.
Filters button (filter_list) allow to show unread, flagged and encrypted messages, no date filter there.

2023-06-13_23-39-43.png (6,694 bytes)   

2023-06-13_23-39-43.png (6,694 bytes)   

If this ability is there it is the best-hidden I've ever seen. I cannot see a way to search by date range

I've also just realised while looking for this, that closing the search box leaves the search filter applied to my mailbox... what the heck!